Renovating old camellia plants: step-by-step

1) Camellia sasanqua “Sparkling Burgundy” has had quite a bit of work done on it over the years to thin the branch structure and to lift the lower levels to allow light below. This has made a feature of the size and age of the plant which is now more of a small tree than a shrub.

2) However, this camellia has little in its favour. The top layers of foliage are not in good health and look scruffy and full of dead wood. We will rejuvenate it by cutting it back very hard to bare wood. This is best done any time from through winter until early spring.

3) The plant is virused which affects its vigour. Virus in camellias is not always bad. It is what gives variegated leaves and two tone flowers. However, if you then use the cutting tools on a healthy camellia, you will transfer the virus. It pays to disinfect saws and secateurs immediately after finishing the affected plant. You can do this by simply dipping in a bucket containing diluted bleach.

4) Cut back to whatever level you wish. Most camellias will resprout and come again even when cut off at ground level, but we want a bushy shrub about 1.5 metres high by summer so we are leaving bare woody stems around that height, cut a little lower at the sides than the centre. If you leave some of the old trunks, you keep a strong structure and shape for the bush. If you cut off at the ground, you will be starting over with a carpet of fresh shoots which may not give a good long term shape.

5) This Camellia yuhsienensis was cut back early last spring to completely bare stems with not a single leaf remaining. Such ruthless cutting forced dormant leaf buds into life and it is now a bushy little shrub although we won’t get as many flowers as usual for another year.

Tikorangi Notes: Monday April 25, 2011

Tree hydrangea of uncertain classification

Tree hydrangea of uncertain classification


This wonderful tree hydrangea is a sight to behold down our avenue gardens this week. I say tree because the plant is now about five metres high. The flowers are enormous – fully 45cm across each individual head but most things about this plant lean to the large. It is an unknown species (though currently classified in the aspera group, despite bearing little resemblance to most asperas) and fully evergreen. In NZ, it is commonly referred to as the Monkey Bridge hydrangea, collected in China. It is brittle, tender and very large – not suited to all gardens – but what an unusual delight in flower.

Tikorangi Notes: Saturday 23 April, 2011

Our identified woodland mushroom in a fairy path

Our identified woodland mushroom in a fairy path

Latest posts:

1) Paradise Found in New South Wales– or our attempts to find gardens to visit around Sydney from bats at the Bot Gardens to Bob Cherry’s dreams in Kulnura.

2) Plant Collector this week looks at two tidy, compact evergreen shrubs with berries: Ilex cornuta “Burfoodii” and Raphiolepsis indica “Enchantress”.

3) Garden tasks for the week as autumn marches on inexorably. Still, we have only had one really cold day so far.

Tikorangi Notes: Saturday 23 April, 2011 When it comes to wild fungi in New Zealand, we are terribly conservative. Generally it is only the field mushroom that is harvested for eating, although the magic mushroom used to attract experimental youth in search of a free hallucinogenic experience. Possibly it still does, but there are a host of other wild mushrooms that go untouched. I have bought the up to date publications on fungi found here, but it appears that nobody has done the work on which forms are edible. I am not so keen on doing the experimental taste test. Apparently the basket fungi, puffballs and elephant ear fungi are all perfectly safe to eat, but I want a definitive tome to tell me which are safe and delicious before I get adventurous. With death caps also common, the gap between fatal and edible seems a little too small to me. And we can’t even get an identification on this woodland fungi from our books. Cascading down through our tawa bush, these mushrooms are currently abundant and growing, not so much in a fairy ring, but more akin to a fairy path.

Paradise Found in New South Wales

The quixotic creations of Bob Cherry

The quixotic creations of Bob Cherry

If you ever have any doubts about the quality of service at our local information centres, try going to the tourist information office at The Rocks in Sydney and ask about gardens to visit in the area. If you wandered into our I-sites, it would be reasonable to expect them to come up with maybe six or more options which would include a mix of both private and public gardens. Not so in Sydney. The staffer resorted to Google (which I had already tried at home) and merely pulled up real estate open homes in areas with garden type names. It remains a mystery to us as to whether there are in fact no open garden options beyond the botanic gardens. If there are, we failed to find them.

We did find the Royal Botanic Gardens which are very close to the Sydney Opera House in a magic location. The parking metre fee of about $26 made me wince and the café where we had lunch was downright ordinary. The wonderfully decorative ibis who have clearly adapted to café fare were the best part of lunch. Mark was particularly impressed by the palm collection and chose to linger there, studying mature specimens of varieties he has here to put into his planned Palm Walk but in the end it was the bats which provided the most vivid memory. Many large bats, hanging about in trees. I had been under the misapprehension that bats slept during the day. Not so, at least not these Sydney bats. They merely hang around upside down, bickering, squabbling, fighting and generally making a lot of noise. While the bats are vital for pollinating certain plants in the gardens there, numbers had built up to such a high level that they were also responsible for doing a lot of damage to many trees. I think we were told the current population is estimated to be around 16000, and that was not in a large area. The gardens’ management have permission to try and reduce the population but, this being Australia with a laudable commitment to their indigenous fauna, there is to be no cull. Instead they will attempt to drive the bats out by emitting a particular frequency of sound which only the bats can hear. Lucky neighbours. The bats do not apparently fly very far so upwards of 16000 displaced bats are likely to settle nearby.

We had to drive upstate to find a garden – in this case, one created by leading Australian plantsman, Bob Cherry. The garden he and his wife, Derelie, own is called Paradise and is located in Kulnura. Readers may not know the name Bob Cherry but many will know of Paradise camellias, particularly the Paradise sasanquas which completely dominate the markets both in Australia and New Zealand. However his interests go well beyond camellias and he was working with bidens, amongst many other plants, in search of new garden varieties. What is a bidens, you may ask? Closely related to cosmos and the orange and yellow so-called cosmos that turned up in a packet of pink and white cosmos seed here are in fact bidens. There are also common weeds that are bidens. Beyond bidens, begonias, Camellia sinensis, michelias, polyanthus and many other plant varieties were undergoing the Cherry touch in the quest for better garden plants.

Camellia changii - reputed to flower throughout the better part of the year

Camellia changii - reputed to flower throughout the better part of the year

Bob has made over 40 trips to China since it opened up to the west in the early 1980s and has been responsible for introducing a wide range of new species and plants to the west. We were fascinated to see Camellia changii in flower – in early March. Apparently it flowers all year round and its March flowers were certainly eyecatching, being a true scarlet red with no pink tones at all. Camellia changii is also sometimes referred to as Camellia azalea, although I have failed to find any explanation for that name. In the wild, changii is rated as extremely endangered but it has been distributed around the world and it opens up possibilities for breeding a new race of camellias that flower outside the time when petal blight hits. Of course they don’t have petal blight in Australia. Yet. Bob told us that he point blank refuses to visit New Zealand during camellia season. He thinks it is probably only a matter of time before petal blight reaches Australia but there is no way that he wants anybody to be able to claim that it was first found in his garden or nursery.

Bob and Derelie garden on a pretty grand scale and, typical of most Australasian gardens, they do it themselves with minimal input from outside labour. We didn’t even look at Derelie’s extensive rose gardens, but there is an extraordinary range of woody trees and shrubs, including some of the best foliaged Michelia yunnanensis (syn. Magnolia laevifolia) that we have seen. But the other stand out features of this garden called Paradise were Bob’s structures. I am not sure I can convey the full scale of these. We built a pretty large brick wall here in our garden and it took 16000 bricks. Bob has so far used an estimated half a million bricks on his structures. And that does not include the extensive stonework and ironwork. He gets in a brickie whenever his budget allows but he does all the stonework himself. We are not talking brick paths and dinky little structures here. This is grand vision stuff. The pillared walkway shown in the photograph is as yet unfinished. There are now 50 of these massive brick columns and it is to be an extension of the wisteria walkway. There is something bravely compulsive about some of the constructions – a vision the creator is determined to get well underway, knowing that he may never see completion. His property is on the market and he yearns for retirement to a smaller piece of land in Tasmania. Bob Cherry is one of the gardening world’s modern quixotic gems.

Derelie has published a book on the garden which is available in New Zealand. “Two Dogs and a Garden” is a beautifully produced book, full of pretty photographs (very pink, but how could it be otherwise when camellias play a large role in their lives?) and a personal interpretation of the lives they lead in their own piece of paradise.

Finally back to Sydney, we were delighted by the crepe myrtles used as street trees and in full flower in Chinatown. The crepe myrtle or lagerstroemia is a small tree, mainly from Asia, with beautiful bark. They can look remarkably dead when they are dormant in winter. We saw some in northern Italy, completely dormant, with bark which resembled piebald ponies. They will grow here, but they rarely flower well. We are just a bit too wet and lush for them. They tend to do better in drier climates with hot summers and more seasonal variation than we can give. Being a small tree with a light structure, they make a well behaved street specimen. In flower, they look a little like trees covered in crepe paper blossoms which seemed entirely appropriate to the ambience of Chinatown.

Crepe myrtles in Sydneys Chinatown

Crepe myrtles in Sydneys Chinatown

Plant Collector: Ilex cornuta “Burfordii” and Raphiolepsis indica “Enchantress”

Ilex cornuta “Burfordii” - berrries galore if the birds don't find them

Ilex cornuta “Burfordii” - berrries galore if the birds don't find them

Many readers may fail to identify this immediately as a holly on account of the fact the berries are greenish yellow and the leaves lack the common prickly appearance that we associate with the family. The reason the berries are not red is because I had to get in, despite the rain, and photograph the astonishing crop before they ripened. As soon as they show colour, the birds strip them very promptly and without hesitation. Hollies don’t usually berry well in this climate – they need a greater winter chill – but this selection which is native to China and Korea is a notable exception. I can’t help but think that the reason why holly and ivy are so closely associated with an English Christmas might be that, in their cold climate, there are not a lot of other candidates which are amenable to being picked in the depths of winter and the red holly berries contrast well with snow. Presumably their birds are not as voracious as ours, particularly our kereru or native wood pigeon. Ilex are very slow growing – this one was maybe a metre and half high and wide after many years but this form is apparently widely grown as a hedge in USA. A holly hedge is one way of making sure that people only enter your property by the designated pathway and not via shortcuts. Burglar deterrent plants, really.

Raphiolepsis indica “Enchantress” - enchanting may be a slight case of hyperbole but the berries are amazing

Raphiolepsis indica “Enchantress” - enchanting may be a slight case of hyperbole but the berries are amazing

Planted adjacent to the ilex in a town garden, is Raphiolepsis indica “Enchantress” which is a similar sized, bushy evergreen shrub from South China. While “Enchantress” might be slightly over-stating the case, the pretty apple blossom-like flowers have matured to a remarkable display of deep purple berries. They look like blueberries so I asked the garden owner if they were poisonous. A man of impeccable horticultural and botanical credentials (it was George Fuller), he replied that as far as he knew the berries had no toxic properties. With its dark foliage and dark berries, it is not a landscape plant that will stand out in the distance but there is a definite shortage of well behaved evergreen shrubs which stay tidy and dense in a smaller garden rather than becoming leggy triffids. This plant is worth growing for its berries, let alone its other attributes.