June 13, 2008 Weekly Garden Guide

Kiwifruit can be picked firm at this time and you will speed up the ripening by bringing them indoors. Placing them in a bag with an apple, maybe in the airing cupboard or a similar warm position, speeds things further.

  • Owners of glasshouses can be starting winter tomatoes and cucumber from seed or from plants if you can find them. There are special varieties suitable for growing through winter indoors.
  • Fruit trees will be starting to make their appearance in garden centres and often sell out quickly. In Taranaki, apples, plums and pears tend to be more successful than peaches, apricots, cherries and nectarines so chose these first if space is limited. If you are buying bare rooted plants, go for the ones with the biggest root systems, not the best tops. It is what happens below the surface that matters most in establishing plants.
  • Keen vegetable gardeners will be continuing planting potato crops but only in warm, frost free, sunny positions.
  • Make sure house plants are not sitting in saucers of water and that you are only watering them once a week at the most. They are best kept pretty dry during winter.
  • It is time for the winter copper spray on deciduous fruit trees. Citrus trees will also benefit from a copper and oil spray, especially if you missed the autumn copper spray. We never spray the feijoas, tamarillos, passion fruit, kiwi fruit and other sub tropical fruits, but if you are filled with a burning desire to spray them, now is the time to do it. Copper and oil is a good clean up spray to combat mildew, scale, brown rot and all manner of nasty ailments that can severely affect your fruit crop. Copper hydroxide is apparently acceptable in organic management but copper oxychloride (bluestone) is not.

The Curious Gardener’s Almanac tells us that the first garden gnomes were introduced to UK gardens in 1847 from Germany and only one of the original 21 still survives. Lampy, as it is known, is insured for one million pounds. While some may think the Germans have a lot to answer for in this regard, others allegedly see them as an oppressed minority whose civil rights have been violated by unscrupulous landlords. In France there is apparently an underground movement, the Front de Liberation des Nains de Jardin, dedicated to de-ridiculizing the figurines by placing them back in their natural environment (aka the woods). They are still banned from the prestigious Chelsea Flower Show.

Period Gardens

Author: Myles Baldwin

Publisher: Murdoch Books

ISBN: 978 1 74045 906 8

This sumptuous large format book is subtitled “Landscapes for Houses With History” which perhaps limits its appeal in an area like Taranaki which is still pretty close to its raw colonial past with too few period houses of much architectural note. However, the author is a young Australian who is remarkably well anchored in horticulture as well as being passionate about architecture, history and design and his analysis of house and garden history goes beyond those lucky few who have a grand period house and wish to create an appropriate garden. Chapters use case study gardens from around the world to illustrate the Renaissance period, Jacobean, Georgian, Victorian, Edwardian (Arts and Crafts), Spanish Mission, Homestead (which is where many Australian and New Zealand gardens sit) through to Art Deco and Modernist.

What sets this book apart is that it is a young antipodean’s well researched take on mostly European garden history and how it all fits together in the so-called New World that we garden in today. The final chapter entitled “Details” has some excellent advice on matters ranging from lawns and tennis courts, through driveways and pools to hedging and fencing.

If you have grand visions for your garden, this is a good book to read. It may save some bad decisions. It is also a splendidly produced, large format hardback with excellent photos that should stand the test of time on the garden bookshelf.

Earl Grey or Assam?

Elder Daughter gave me a pedometer one birthday and I was a little surprised to find that in the course of a normal day, I cover around 8km. When I come to London, I am deeply grateful that I am used to being on my feet. It prepares me in some way for the great distances I end up walking.

With a few days before London daughter and I brave Ryan Air (even more budget than EasyJet) for a flight to Sicily, I decided to follow up some of the private gardens open under the National Gardens Scheme. We have followed this with interest on the Living Channel, where the programme Open Gardens charts the process of assessment, selection and open day.

There is real status in being accepted by the NGS, even though it is entirely charitable and garden owners may open for as little as three hours on one particular day of the year. On Sunday afternoon, I braved pouring rain and shoes that leaked to find my way to Chiswick on the banks of the Thames where there was a cluster of four gardens open for the afternoon. I think this enclave of antique real estate is referred to as a mews. Highly valued terrace houses. Terraced housing means that the only access to the rear garden is … through the house. Fortunately the rain stopped. It certainly gives opening one’s garden to the public a new dimension, having a few score of people tramping through your home. This being London, the gardens are the width of the house – in other words, as little as one room and a passageway wide or maybe five to seven metres. One garden was serving teas in a miniscule back plot where six people were a crowd. But old style. Nobody asked here if you wanted gumboot tea or Earl Grey. No, in a line which I must store away for future use, I was offered Earl Grey or Assam.

Earl Grey or Assam?

I was interested in the whole process of assessment and selection of the NGS gardens (it can be a bit of a thorny issue, that one, as some of us know well in Taranaki) and also to set benchmarks and establish points of comparison for our festival gardens, both on that Sunday and the following day when I travelled to another small garden which opened by appointment. As a garden visitor, I certainly felt privileged to gain entry to private gardens which would otherwise be closed to me. These are domestic gardens which don’t even pretend to sit up alongside the renowned top end UK gardens of private origin, such as Sissinghurst and Great Dixter. And what can I say? It was a privilege. They are different to gardens at home. Our Rhododendron Festival gardens can hold their heads up high. I will say no more.

I had planned to finally make my pilgrimage to Wisley, the Royal Horticultural Gardens south of London. Their website showed much improved public transport links but once here, I realised that even so a day visit was going to involve five hours of travel and multiple changes. I was not that determined after all. Fortune may favour the bold but I am not suicidal so I won’t drive in London and from the tranquillity of home in Tikorangi, I tend to underestimate the effort it takes to travel across and through this city, let alone heading out to farther reaches. So I compromised with a return visit to Kew, the Royal Botanic Gardens which are easily reached by public transport.

I doubt that Kew could ever disappoint. They are botanic gardens on a grand scale. The British were great collectors and while I feel uncomfortable at some of the museums which represent acquisition and at times pillaging and theft from around the world on a scale which defies comprehension, the plant collecting and botanical classification work is much safer territory.

Walking in the tree tops at Kew

There is something for everyone at Kew. On an early summer’s day when the forecast was for temperatures around 25 degrees, it was in fact closer to about 12 degrees but the place was still teaming with people, including many children (it is mid term here) most of whom seemed to be called names like Oscar, Imogen and Henry and who were extremely well behaved. However, Kew is very spacious and can accommodate large numbers of people, although I probably met a goodly proportion of them on the newly opened treetop walkway. Treetop walkways are remarkable feats of engineering and Kew’s one has apparently been installed with minimal damage to the environment, avoiding even the visually polluting oversized pylons which seem to be a feature in others. For mild sufferers of vertigo such as me, they lose a little impact because one avoids looking straight down, preferring instead the safety of long views, and they are perhaps more novelty than revelation. But Kew must be leading the way in making public gardens and parks educative and everywhere the drive to inform and to conserve is threaded through the garden visitor experience. I can understand the use of some novelty and gimmickry if the outcome is positive. The importance of places such as Kew, set in incredibly overcrowded and hyped cities, can not be overstated, let alone the contribution to global conservation through the botanical research and collections.

The Kew experience

I was most delighted by the woodland plantings of herbaceous material, by the alpine gardens and, surprisingly, by an open air photographic exhibition. The International Garden Photographer of the Year is available at www.igpoty.com if you want to see some lovely imagery. The alpine gardens are interesting because our climate at home is just too warm and humid to manage this restrained style of display but the woodland and herbaceous plantings are an area where I gathered ideas and learned from established practice.

And nothing to do with gardening, but I was amused to see Harter and Loveless Solicitors on Caledonian Road. I wonder if Mr Harter does matrimonials while Mr Loveless is forever destined to do neutral conveyancing?

June 6, 2008 Weekly Garden Guide

  • You can continue planting broad beans, winter spinach, silver beet and members of the onion family including garlic. Technically elephant garlic is in the leek family, not garlic but you can still plant it in the same way though it is too early for leeks themselves.
  • It is the optimum time for raising annuals from seed for planting out in early spring. If you raise them in a seed tray, you will have much greater success than scattering the seed straight onto the garden.
  • Herbs will benefit from some attention. Woody herbs such as rosemary and sage can be struck from cutting at this time of the year while perennial herbs such as mint, thyme and marjoram benefit from being dug and divided. Herbs are best in full sun with good drainage but don’t generally need as rich a soil as vegetables. Keep them close to your back door for convenience when cooking. Mint can be rather invasive. If you plant it in pot or planter bag and then bury it in the garden, you can curb its wandering ways.
  • We noted last year that it was time to blanch the witloof (chicory) and that we would report back on whether it was worth the effort. It wasn’t. They were still bitter and we won’t be growing them again. This year it is kale that is under trial but the first harvest was not promising. Our first attempts at cooking them were only greeted with enthusiasm by the cat. She completely floored us by devouring the tough vegetable leaf which neither of us would eat.
  • Garden centres will be full of new season’s stock and we are lucky in our climate that we can plant all winter, unless you live halfway up the mountain or in a very cold inland spot. It is better to renovate gardens and plant now than in spring or (even worse) summer. It gives a chance for the plants to get established without getting stressed by heat or dry. This is even more important for those people who garden on sand or dry soils on the coast.

Even if you think you are a dedicated gardener, you may blench at one Celia Thaxter, who wrote in 1894

These are most anxious time on account of the slugs. Now every morning when I rise I go at once into the garden at four o’clock and make a business of slaughtering them till half past five, when I stop for breakfast.

Either she had a huge infestation of slugs or she was prone to hyperbole.

May 30, 2008 Weekly Garden Guide

If you are lucky enough to have an asparagus bed, it is time to clean it up. Break all the tops down and leave to rot down on top of the soil (under the mulch you are going to lay).

You can lightly fork the surface to counteract compacting and caking of the soil but be careful not to damage the crowns of the asparagus. Asparagus takes a couple of years before it starts to crop and it is a permanent occupant so you do need a bit of space to accommodate it, but heading out to pick fresh asparagus on a near daily basis in spring is a highlight of the vegetable year here.

  • It is worth learning how to grow plants from seed. At this time of the year, sowing micro greens in a seed tray will give delicious fresh shoots and leaves in a short space of a few weeks. We use the polystyrene trays that mushrooms used to come in (with lots of holes punched in the base) and fill them with a layer of compost on the bottom, a layer of good garden loam next and a top mulch of bark potting mix. The mulch keeps them clean from surface splashing. If you can’t find polystyrene trays (and we have been hoarding ours for years here), you can get plastic or even old wooden trays. You only need about 15cm of depth to grow seeds and most large pots are far too deep which is why trays are better. Keep seed trays in warm, sunny positions and stay on top of slugs which will beat you to young shoots.
  • Dig lilies and divide them if your clumps were looking congested this summer. They can be replanted immediately but will appreciate your efforts digging the soil first to make it friable.
  • Continue the autumn clean up round, including digging and dividing clumping perennials (the plants which don’t put up woody stems but grow from many shoots on the surface – sometimes called herbaceous perennials).
  • It is planting time for garlic, onions, shallots, spring onions and all their relatives. Garlic and shallots are planted as cloves whereas main crop onions are done from seed. These are all gross feeders and need plenty of compost in good soil and full sun. Use local garlic, not the cheap imported stuff which is poor and can carry viruses.
  • Queens Birthday is the traditional time for garden centres to have their roses available. Be in early for the best selection.

We have a most irreverent book entitled Bed Undies and Dutchman’s Trousers (subtitled: Naughty Plants for Every Occasion). I am not sure that readers of this paper are ready for the plant list for the Gay Boys’ Border, but if we tell you it is written by self proclaimed haughtyculturalist, Sacha Langton-Gilks and lists such plants as Cercis canadensis Forest Pansy and Rhododendron Faggeter’s Favourite, you may get the drift. The plant lists for naughty people of either gender, plants to give to people you hate, plants for the Religious Border and plants which betray your common upbringing are equally amusing (to some of us, at least).