- The timing and methodology of rose pruning is a matter of some debate. However, with the cold weather, roses are now dormant and the trigger to spring into new growth again is related to the warming of temperatures. So it does not appear to matter whether you prune now or through until early or even mid August. If you are not inclined to prune carefully, bush roses in particular will apparently respond just as well to a pass over with the hedge clippers. If you have plants with colourful rose hips, you may wish to delay your pruning and enjoy the display. The high health rugosa rose Blanc Double de Coubert has a splendid display of golden autumn coloured foliage in our garden at this time which is a bonus.
- If you are planting new roses, look for full sun and good air movement to encourage healthier growth. Very sheltered spots allow pests and diseases to flourish. As a plant group, many roses have a pathetically small root system when you consider the scale of their growth and their flower power each season. So planting them in optimum conditions will give better results. Well cultivated soil, lots of compost and humus and feeding in springtime at least.
- Ornamental plants need feeding when springing into full growth and through their growing season. Most plants are quietly resting through winter so you are wasting time and money applying fertilisers at this time of the year. Save the fertilising for spring. Most of it will just wash away unused at this time. The exceptions are plants currently in growth such as bulbs and polyanthus.
- There is still time to get in plants of winter vegetables such as brassicas (cauli, broc and cabbage). Celery, onions and shallots can be planted now, along with the garlic you bought last weekend and failed to get in the ground.
- Possibly we are a little late with the warning, but precious plants may need protecting from frosts. Newspaper, shade cloth, bubble wrap or even lightweight sheets will work if you don’t have proper frost cloth. Having draped some of the exposed clivias and the blue lachenalias on Tuesday night, Mark referred to me as the “newspaper fairy” on the loose. But the sheets of newspaper worked and we avoided most damage from what was a severe frost here.
- We did find out what fire fang was (the potential calamity in the compost heap). After cautioning that Mark should perhaps be watching out for Pokémons around the compost, our correspondent informed us that fire fang is in fact an actinomycetes fungus. A white fungus which can occur where there is a combination of animal manure and dry conditions. Mystery solved. We preferred the Pokémon theory.
June 22, 2007 Weekly Garden Guide
- Mark planted his 15 metre double row of garlic this week (167 cloves, to be precise). Having heard that the average American consumes 6kg of garlic a year, while the average Italian eats 20kg, he feels he may have underestimated the yield we should require. At an average of 15 bulbs to a kilo, with each clove delivering one bulb, planted in a double row at 30 cm between the rows and 15cm between each clove, if you have not yet planted your garlic, you should be able to calculate how much area you need so that you can hurry up and get it in.
- While the weather is fine and the ground dry enough to work, beds can be prepared now for spring plantings of vegetables. The better the ground preparation, the better the yield will be. Vegetable gardens in particular need to be very friable and well tilled. If you get in now, when the frenzied activity of spring arrives, your beds are all ready for planting.
- Buy seed potatoes and set them in trays on their ends (chitting). Put them in a dark place to shoot for early planting in August (which is only six weeks away now).
- This is the first year we have grown chicory (witloof) and apparently now is the time to start forcing them by lifting them, trimming off the leaves and either blanching them in a box in dark shed or by burying them in a trench at least 20cm deep. From there it takes about a month for the fresh leaves to shoot again. Blanching them takes away the bitterness. We will report in due course as to whether the final product is worth the effort.
- It is still time for digging and dividing in the ornamental garden.
- Pruning of hydrangeas can start in mild areas. Prune back to two fat buds if you want flowers next year. While they will generally come again if you cut them to the ground, you won’t get flowers because they set buds on the previous year’s new growth.
- Give deciduous fruit trees a copper and oil spray to clean them up and carry out winter pruning.
- Mark is worried about fire fang, which is apparently something that can happen to your compost. Or so his heritage vegetable gardening book cautions. The only problem is that the book fails to specify exactly what fire fang is and we don’t think it is spontaneous combustion.
A Room With a View
I have written before about the native falcon which wreaks havoc on Mark’s poor innocent pigeons. Four ring necked doves on about their third day of freedom was the worst incident recently. But Mark, in a desultory sort of way, has been encouraging the dog to take an interest in protecting the birds. When the dog unleashed an intense volley of barks the other morning, we both rushed out to see what was upsetting him. Sure enough, he was warning of the falcon perched in the silver birch tree, waiting for his breakfast to make an appearance. How is that? An ornithologically abled dog. I was impressed. Mark did admit that he doesn’t always get it right and that he will sometimes woof at the odd suspicious looking seagull flying over but for a skittery Sheltie to be able to identify a falcon with any degree of accuracy is fairly remarkable and in fact beats many humans.
But back to gardening. I have only ever been into a couple of private gardens without a house. Generally these happen because the owner is dead keen to get the garden established but is not yet ready or able to build the house. And there is an odd feeling of something missing, especially when the garden is quite well established. Private gardens are different to public gardens in part because somebody lives there. It was for this reason that we argued strongly that Tupare and Hollards needed a residential presence maintained even though the original owners have long since shuffled off their mortal coils. The residence gives a heart to a garden.
Noted English gardener and writer Rosemary Verey (she of Barnsley, as in Lavatera Barnsley, fame) was fond of saying that “the garden should curtsey to the house”. It does help to have a house that is worth curtseying to (naturally Mrs Verey had a splendid English manor house of considerable charm and stature). It is somewhat more problematic if what you have is a characterless box which comprises the majority of this country’s housing stock. But the principle of integrating house and garden remain. In modern parlance, it tends to be referred to as indoor outdoor flow but that only tells half the story. That ability to move freely and with convenience from the living areas and often the master bedroom through to outdoor living areas is pretty much the norm with modern house design and where renovations take place in older houses.
Having been raised in a succession of older character homes and now being a current resident of a house which was designed before the whole concept of indoor outdoor flow became mandatory, my experience of that flow has largely been going out the windows (fortunately the downstairs windows are quite low in the current house). And when I think about it, I can recall our children climbing in and out of windows too. It doesn’t always do the paintwork and the window latches much good but it sure beats trailing around to one of the distant doors at times.
But the constant joy of our home is how well set it is in the garden, and for this we give all the credit to Mark’s parents and their study of the English gardening traditions. All the rooms in this two storied house command wonderful garden views and no matter how long we live here, I am sure our eyes will always be drawn to the garden vistas out of every window.
In terms of drawing the eye outdoors, it doesn’t matter if you live in a colonial mansion or a modest Beazley. It is only looking back the other way (from the garden to the house) that you notice what the house looks like. And with winter here and the nasty cold, cutting wind of last weekend, it is not a bad time to take a few minutes to stand indoors at each window in turn to contemplate the outlook.
There is a tendency in New Zealand to keep vegetation and garden well clear of the house so that it stands in splendid isolation on an apron of seal and grass. By contrast, the English country tradition is to garden right up to the house which gives intimacy and charm and allows greater integration of house and garden. .
We have never gone as far as attempting to match the garden colours to the interior. Personally I think that is getting just a little bit precious. Besides, I am not a great fan of green, orange, scarlet, shocking pink or lemon yellow as indoor furnishing colours but I am quite happy to use them in the garden. By chance we have one room where the soft pink and blue interior tones are echoed in the pretty garden outside its windows but truly, it is not the colour continuity that establishes the flow and draws the eye outside but the design.
Where possible, the long vista does more to attract attention and draw the eyes to look beyond. And of course the aforementioned Mrs Verey, being an English country garden specialist, advocated those longer vistas to attract people out to explore. A path leading to a destination which is not immediately visible is an obvious example. Gardens need some elements of mystery and surprise where not all is visible at first glance.
On a typical town section, the long vista is not as easy to achieve unless you can borrow the view from your neighbour’s property or you adjoin a reserve. But this does not mean that you can’t achieve an interesting outlook in most situations. The bedroom window which looks out to a tall boundary fence two or three metres away is more problematic but with creativity, espalier and a focal point to attract the eye, even this can have a view of sorts. The focal point does not have to be an ornament or pot. It may be a clipped plant or a splash of colour.
All of this presupposes that most people do look out their windows. If you are of the net curtains or venetian blind persuasion, you may focus your attention indoors from preference. But if you enjoy looking outside, take the time to stand awhile and look from all the windows in the house. It is not so much a matter of the garden curtseying to the house perhaps, as the garden delivering views from all the windows. If you can achieve this, it is a daily delight and even more so in winter if you don’t like to be out in the cold.
Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (Inc.)
Mark Jury receives the Plant Raisers Award for 2007
Mark Jury is one of this country’s foremost breeders of ornamental plants, and in recent times he has received international recognition for his achievements.
Mark was born in 1951. He graduated from Massey University in 1974 with a BA in psychology, and could well be the only person with such a qualification in the NZ nursery trade. Early plans for a career in counselling changed, and he took time out to be a rock drummer (he still has his drum kit), to teach himself to draw and paint, and to make a living as a wood turner before deciding to set up a plant nursery on his father’s property at Tikorangi.
The late Felix Jury is one of the most esteemed plant breeders and horticulturists this country has produced. Felix was a farmer who took early retirement to garden and breed plants, and the numerous outstanding hybrids he produced are now internationally acclaimed. The nursery, however, is entirely Mark’s effort, one that he ‘built up from one wheelbarrow’. Contrary to popular belief, Felix never had a nursery.
Despite having no formal training in horticulture, Mark learned enormously by working alongside his father for 17 years. He also benefited greatly from having access to Felix’s plant material, and from being able to tap into the wealth of knowledge and experience that Felix freely shared.
His uncle Les Jury was also an early mentor, particularly in the breeding of camellias.
The nursery, however, has only ever been a means to earn a living for Mark, who claims he is not a dedicated nurseryman. Rather, it is plants and the garden that matter to him, and when breeding plants his quest is invariably to produce better garden subjects.
No new plant is ever released by Mark until he has full confidence in all its attributes. Trialling is an integral part of the breeding process, and new hybrids are grown in the field or the garden, as well as the nursery, to assess their performance over a number of years before they ever get put into production.
Following is a representative selection of hybrids bred by Mark Jury:
Camellias
‘Fairy Blush’ is regarded by Mark as the best of his camellia hybrids currently on the market, followed by ‘Volunteer’. ‘Jury’s Pearl’, however, is the one which brings Mark most pleasure because it achieved what he was looking for; compact growth, abundant flowering over an extended period, healthy foliage, good flower form and an almost luminescent flower colour. He has named a number of others, including ‘Gay Buttons’, ‘Pearly Cascade’, ‘Topiary Pink’, and ‘Apple Blossom Sun’. Two promising new selections yet to be released are a compact and very free flowering red formal double, and a purple pompom flowered miniature.
Rhododendrons
‘Floral Sun’ is Mark’s pride and joy. When he told his wife Abbie that he was crossing Rhododendron sino nuttalli with R. ‘RW Rye’, she recalls quipping that he would probably get offspring which were a mass of tiny white flowers and no scent. Instead he did get the yellow colourings into the nuttalli trumpets, compact growth and nuttalli foliage. He has also named ‘Floral Gift’, ‘Meadow Lemon’ and ‘Platinum Ice’, and has various others under consideration. Mark specifically strives for healthier performance, resistance to thrips and where possible fragrance.
Magnolias
The new ‘Burgundy Star’ could prove to be the best Mark has produced. It ‘loses the purple tones’ of ‘Vulcan’ and ‘Black Tulip’ and is described as carrying a very large Magnolia liliifora type flower on a fastigiate tree. ‘Black Tulip’, however, is the cultivar that has caught the imagination of the market place, while ‘Felix Jury’ is his personal favourite. Mark thinks he may have exhausted what he can do with red flowered magnolias, but he has some pinks and whites under trial. In 2004 the International Magnolia Society conferred upon Mark the prestigious Todd Gresham Magnolia Award.
Vireya rhododendrons
‘Jaffa’ and ‘Sweet Vanilla’ are regarded by Mark as probably the best cultivars he has yet named, although he has produced quite a few others. These include ‘Sherbet Rose’, ‘Peach Puff’, ‘Jellybean’, ‘Mango Sunset’, ‘Pink Jazz’. Sadly some of the others have already been dropped from production. Despite fairly rigorous trialling, when in production some are considered to be too vulnerable to root problems. ‘Festival Ruby’ is scheduled for release later this year for the 20th anniversary of the Taranaki Rhododendron Festival. Part of the vireya rhododendron breeding programme has focussed on trying to get full trusses reminiscent of the hardy rhododendrons, whilst also aiming for compact growth, fragrance and abundant flowering.
Michelias
A range of unreleased new hybrids is currently generating great excitement and anticipation amongst those who have seen them. This series extends the colour range of the flowers, growth habits, foliage and flowering season. Mark is optimistic of a great future for these, seeing them fitting a market niche similar to camellias but without most of the problems such as camellia petal blight and yellowing of foliage. The first two cultivars from this series are scheduled for release next year.
Cordylines
‘Red Fountain’ is a hybrid produced by Felix, while Mark introduced it. The next generations of Mark’s cordylines are currently under development.
Dianella ‘Golden Chance’ (so-named because it was a chance discovery) seems to have entered the marketplace with ‘a bit of a whoosh’, somewhat to the surprise of Mark and Abbie.
Mark often ‘plays’ with other plants to produce even more high quality garden subjects. His Arisaema hybrids are regarded as particularly fetching, extending the colour range and holding their blooms above the foliage, but sadly they are unlikely to enter commerce. Unfortunately for gardeners, the same applies to a number of other plants that he ‘wields his paintbrush around’.
It is appropriate that the Institute recognises Mark Jury for his considerable contribution to amenity horticulture. He is a most worthy recipient of the Plant Raisers award.
June 15, 2007 In the Garden This Week
- After our comment a fortnight ago about seeing the first snowdrops of the spring season in flower already, a kind reader sent a breathtaking photo from the UK Daily Express showing snowdrops below a copse of white barked birches. Not so much a clichéd carpet of them as the dense shag pile of the woodland world. Millions of them flowering across six acres in Berkshire.
- Cut back on watering house plants as they are best kept on the dry side in winter. Don’t leave them sitting in saucers of water and don’t keep their soil saturated. Overwatering in winter is the fastest way to kill indoor plants. If you have frost tender treasures, move them away from windows unless you have curtains between them and the cold night air.
- Most of the popular annuals are perfectly hardy and can be planted out now as seedlings or sown as seed. If you are not sure whether a particular variety is suitable for scattering freely (as opposed to the much more intensive practice of starting in seed trays) read the back of the seed packet and take notice of it.
- Plants in garden centres flower earlier than those planted out in gardens so while there are only a few camellias open at the moment, the plants for sale will be showing much more colour and open flower already. It is a good time to look for the biggest selection.
- Plant garlic and shallots now. For better yields, search out the New Zealand garlic rather than the cheap Chinese imported bulbs. Break the clump into separate cloves and plant the cloves upright in shallow trenches about 10 cm apart and 5cm deep. The bigger and better the clove, the better the crop will be. Garlic needs rich, friable soil, very well drained in full sun. No garlic lover has ever reported a vampire attack. Ergo, It is an indisputable fact that garlic repels vampires.
- If you are growing globe artichokes, plants need renewing every three or four years. Unless you are very cold, you can lift them now and separate the new suckers at the base to replant, keeping as much root as possible attached to them. Throw away the old parts. Unless you absolutely adore artichoke hearts and have a large area, you only need a very few plants to give a seasonal harvest. If you have an old clump you want to keep growing, limit the number of shoots to about four or five.
- Gather your nuts in June. Walnuts that is, though after a bumper crop here last year which lasted us for many months, the crop this year is so bad that it was hardly worth collecting. All nuts need drying – spread thinly on trays in a sunroom, glasshouse or by the fire will work. It can take a few weeks to dry them out.
