Tag Archives: Quercus suber

Cork trees, wildflowers and vineyards in charming Occitania

Collioure in Occitania – possibly light on celebs with holiday homes, definitely lighter on tourists than the Riviera but also more charming, in my eyes at least.

I do not have a good sense of direction and what I do have deserts me entirely in the northern hemisphere. I may have known intellectually that travelling from Occitania (formerly Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) where my daughter is living across to the French Riviera (or Côte d’Azur) was going eastwards, but everything in me declared it was in a westerly direction.

That is quite some fortification in Collioure

The Riviera borders Italy and has long been the place for the rich and famous. I am not big on celebrities and my interest level in having Elton John’s villa in Nice pointed out to me is somewhere around zero. I simply felt appalled by the huge area adjacent to the airport that is set aside for the parking of private jets (it was full) and Monaco struck me as being the Dubai of the Riviera – too much ostentatious wealth, too many high-rise buildings, too little good taste and no nature left at all that I could see as we passed through.

The view from terrace where my daughter and her family are spending the year. That is the Pyrenees.

Occitania borders Spain and also sits on the Mediterranean with equally glorious sea views and coastline, but is a lot more low-key. It has many local villages which seemed to be full of locals, not the rich and famous, so I found it more charming. I also had time there to wander and look.

In late spring and after unusual levels of rainfall, there was an abundance of wildflowers. And a clear absence of glyphosate. The countryside around where my daughter lives is predominantly vineyards and cork trees. I didn’t see any farm animals although there are wild pigs which are doubtless best avoided. Daughter’s partner was despairing at the damage the pigs caused as they cut through their garden. I am trying to remember what the sapling tree was he had just planted. Maybe a jacaranda? It had been snapped off in the night, about a metre up, in an act that looked more like spite from a pig than an accident or a search for food.

An orchard of cork trees! Quercus suber.
Missing its pyjama pants

Cork is harvested from  Quercus suber. Most trees will die if the bark is cut or removed from the full circumference of the trunk but not the cork oak. The ones growing in the paddocks near my daughter’s home had been harvested relatively recently. They made me think of somebody who had forgotten to put on pyjama pants, really. Apparently the cork can be harvested every 9 years once the tree has reached 25 years of age. It is probably just as well most of the wine industry has moved to screw caps rather than single use corks because that is not exactly a high yield of cork.

That bark is an eco-system but I worried about the hornets in Italy on an earlier trip

I have never forgotten this cork tree we saw on an earlier trip to Italy. It is not just the interesting nubbly bark. This one was home to a nest of hornets. We don’t have hornets in New Zealand and the sight of just one struck terror in my heart. Imagine an aggressive wasp over four times the size of the common German wasp we have here – that was the hornet. Thank goodness for our border control.

The vineyard next door to where my family are living. I walked across it and the heavy clay soil squelched right up to the top of my shoes after a bit of rain. It is all stoney clay which I imagine sets like concrete in summer.
Terraced vineyards closer to the coast

The countryside around Occitania was undulating to steep but intensively worked, mostly in grapes. These were not like the big commercial vineyards we have in this country – soulless expanses of tanalised timber, taut wires and grapevines trained with military precision to obedient compliance. This was more laissez faire in its approach, more traditional and I am guessing pretty much managed by hand. I can’t see that machinery could be used on the narrow, steep terraces.

Collected from just one area of long grass

One side effect of this lighter-handed touch on the environment is that wildflowers can thrive. There is something delightful about seeing an abundance of wild lavender and rosemary in flower. I picked one of each flower in the rough paddock with a few cork trees behind my daughter’s current home. Where there are wild flowers, there are of course many insects and whole eco-systems that are self-sustaining.

We went for a walk around a recently installed lake near their home. I say installed because apparently it has been specifically created as a recreational reserve. At one end is zip line and tree-top adventure course, placed somewhat discreetly. I think the lake is swimmable but only warm enough for paddling that early in the season. A low-key entry track and equally low-key parking areas belied the creation of a public facility that is designed for local families and is clearly being used extensively. Most recreational areas with a natural style that I have seen were put in many, many decades ago. Modern recreational areas seem to need acres of sealed parking and turning and the installation of sealed areas for activities like skateboarding. I found this gentler approach most charming.

Civilised drinking, French-style

Being France, there was a pop-up bar near the water’s edge. Of course there was. The French don’t seem to need to separate off drinking facilities to control adults who drink to excess. It is just integrated into the wider park. We didn’t stop for a drink because our baby was due for a sleep.

It was cold and windy and not exactly a roaring trade happening at this wine bar on a roadside layby

I was equally surprised by this wine bar set on a windy promontory with a look-out to the Mediterranean Sea. I can’t imagine New Zealand ever allowing a wine bar on a roadside layby.

Near Banyul, as I recall. More terraced vineyards.

While the French seem to manage social drinking well, the same can not be said of dog poo. I first visited Paris in the mid 1990s and, along with losing our elder daughter on the underground (she was 15 so it wasn’t too big a drama) and the Eiffel Tower, I still remember the dog poo. It seems things have not changed, at least not in the semi-rural south. Many people own dogs and these canine companions seem to be well socialised and amiable. But poo-y. Maybe it is that their owners take them out of their terrace housing and apartments to relieve themselves outside. Walking along footpaths needs constant vigilance to avoid tramping in dog shit.  It is everywhere.

We could learn a few things from the French on reducing our use of glyphosate and on civilised drinking habits; the French could learn about poo bags and owner responsibility from us. A fair exchange?

Wild lavender.

Postcards of Italy

The reflecting pool at La Torrecchia

While the visit to Ninfa was the reason that took us to the area around Latina, south of Rome, we were also fortunate to get to the nearby garden of La Torrecchia. It, too, is created around the ruins of a medieval village, though a smaller one than Ninfa. It is a much more recent garden, dating back to 1991, and it remains gardening on a private, domestic scale. Much of the design can be attributed to the English landscaper, Dan Pearson, whose style interests us a great deal. While this is early Pearson (dating back almost 25 years now), the reflecting pool above is his work. Surrounded by a riot of self-sown seedlings, it was a delight.

The cork oak, Quercus suber

In New Zealand, it is rare to see a wine bottle with a cork these days and most of those will be plastic. This is the land of the stelvin screw top closure. But I give you the curious cork oak, Quercus suber. This fine specimen is in the garden of La Torrecchia. The switch to screw tops has done much to relieve the pressure on these trees which had, apparently resulted in too many inferior corks. It is a curious fact that many restaurants here still pour a mouthful of wine to be sampled by the patron when, as I understand it, this tradition came about because of wine being tainted by the original cork.

The cork dog kennel stood by the gardener’s cottage at La Torrecchia. Whether a resident dog lives in it remains a mystery but I can tell you that we saw a big as, bigly even, huge hornet fly into the cork. We don’t have hornets at home, let alone these scary specimens. If I was a dog, I would be refusing to share my quarters with a hornet like that.

It is always a slightly strange feeling to encounter one of our plants across the world so I made Mark pose by the specimen of Magnolia Atlas in La Torrecchia. This one was bred by his father, Felix, and it felt very personal that there was a little bit of Tikorangi even in an Italian garden.

Mark beside Atlas at La Torrecchia

Kiwi fruit (actinidia) may have originated in China but we pretty much claim them as our own in NZ. And the commercial product now bears little resemblance to the wild species in their native habitat. It is one of our horticultural stars and a linchpin of our economy. So we were more than a little surprised to see the extent of kiwifruit plantings in Italy. Apparently it is now greater than in this country and a fair acreage of it was in the area around Cisterna di Latina. It is all irrigated which may prove interesting in the future if water becomes an issue.

Vast kiwi fruit plantations in Italy

At the local supermarket in Tivoli, we saw fruit being sold. So I can tell you that the green kiwifruit imported from Chile retailed at 2.99 euros a kilo (Haywards variety). The Zespri Green variety grown in Italy retailed at 4.99 euros a kilo while Zespri Gold sourced from New Zealand was 5.99 euros a kilo (which is a little over $9NZ a kilo). We did not buy any, preferring the big beautiful cherries we could buy at the morning market in Tivoli for a little less than that price.

 

Gardening in the old town of Tivoli

We used Air BnB on line to book most of our accommodation and this proved a huge success for us. In Tivoli, we had a charming one bedroomed, full self-contained apartment with a large garden, right in the heart of the old town.  All this for just over $70 a night which seemed astonishingly good value to us. Just down the road from us was this apartment which clearly lacked any outdoor space so the owner could only garden around her door. I always find the urge to grow plants in the most constrained circumstances affirming. At the same time, I felt a twinge of shame and sadness that I doubt such a publicly exposed private garden would even survive in the country I call home. It is more likely that the pots would be smashed and the plants vandalised within days. Or stolen. Sometimes I wonder how civilised we really are.

I give you the inquisitive man to whom I am married. He does like to look closely. In this case, he was interested in the construction of the bamboo door to the tool shed that he spotted at Ninfa. The bamboo will have been harvested from their own plantations in the garden and are a creative solution to crafting a door to fit a non-standard entry which likely dates back to the Middle Ages when the buildings of this town were largely constructed. I hasten to add, the door was left open. Mark may inspect but does not usually pry.

The bamboo grove at Ninfa, not unlike our own one.

Looking back at the entrance way to La Torrecchia, also built around the ruins of a small medieval village