August 6, 2007 Weekly Garden Guide

  • While August is still rated as winter, the worst of the winter weather has probably passed in July. So prepare for the sudden onset of spring growth. Mulching garden beds can help reduce the explosion of weeds germinating as soon as temperatures rise but the layer of mulch will need to be around 10cm thick to work. Use bark chips or fines, compost if it is weed free, leaf litter, wood shavings (not tanalised) or pea straw. Dunedin gardeners may still use the cocoa husks from Cadburys that we remember from our days of living there – a decidedly chocolate aroma from garden mulching is a smell peculiar to that southern city.
  • Prune sasanqua camellias now that they have nearly all finished flowering.
  • Fuchsias can be pruned in mild areas. These are one of the easiest plants to strike from cuttings so you can use the firm growth from last season to create new plants. You will get a higher success rate if you put the cuttings in potting mix in a sheltered place.
  • Dig in green crops in the vegetable garden. It takes time for them to break down and the woodier the green crop, the longer it will take to decompose. Allow four weeks before planting again.
  • Garden centres will have their biggest selection of fruit trees available at the moment. As a general rule, fruit trees like full sun and good drainage but you can get away with tamarillos in a woodland setting. Generally speaking, plums, apples and pears are successful throughout Taranaki and coastal areas can grow good citrus. Sadly, apricots, peaches and cherries are not going to grow well here. They prefer poor stony soils, hotter summers, colder winters and drier conditions.
  • Slugs and snails will be on the move very soon as temperatures rise. Be vigilant but be very cautious with poisoned baits. It is very distressing to kill your dog (not that we have done that here), as well as hedgehogs. Baits have a lure added and will attract the prey so you do not need to carpet the ground. Be sparing. There are also a number of other ways of controlling these pests without poison – the buried beer can, the upside down half citrus shell, digital control by torchlight etc.
  • Take a look at the Kings Seeds Catalogue for an impressive selection. No less than 47 different tomatoes with many heirloom varieties. Did you know there are 14 different types of radishes available here? While many of the mainstream annuals and vegetable seeds are included, this is where you source material which is a little different. It also includes an organics section, micro greens, herbs, gourmet vegetables and even fragrant oils. Online at www.kingsseeds.co.nz or phone on 07 549 3409 to order a catalogue.

Listener Best Of NZ

The national magazine, The Listener, included Mark in its Best Of NZ lists this week, August 2, 2007, with recognition for his plant breeding of magnolias. The Taranaki Daily News followed this up by describing Mark as a Taranaki icon, alongside the Govett Brewster Art Gallery, Pukekura Park cricket ground and Whangamomona (a remote Taranaki settlement whose claim to fame is that it declared itself an independent republic and elected a goat as its mayor). Naturally Mark is thrilled to be in such elevated company and to be the only icon who is a person. The goat died of natural causes some time after its election.

Living with an icon

It is tough being a Taranaki icon in our household, or so Mark may tell you. Nobody accords you any respect at all and instead you become a target for endless jokes. Mind you, this is the man who, when I told him I wanted to be a sacred cow so that nobody would dare to write any more horrible letters to the editor about me, replied: “Well one out of two ain’t bad.” So I am milking the icon jokes for all they are worth, singing “I con see clearly now the rain has gone….” A friend contributed Ike on Tina Turner and I think we have several days worth yet to run but I will not inflict any more on readers.

Nor am I going to write about magnolias this week despite their being the genus which is bringing the accolades to Mark. It is a little too early in the season yet as the buds are just starting to break on most of the early flowering varieties. Instead we are back to camellias which provide colour in the season before magnolias.

At this time of the year, I fall in love with camellias all over again. The love affair wanes somewhat as the season progresses. The flowers can turn to mush and they loose the freshness but in June and July, I look at them with delight.

A camellia hedge is a camellia hedge. It tends to be either a formal clipped affair of one single variety or an informal and usually unclipped row of mixed varieties. I can not pretend that a camellia hedge, clipped or unclipped, is ever going to get me too excited. Really, it is just a hedge.

No, it is the interesting feature camellias which get me inspired. For some years I have been nurturing a little collection in pots. Every year I have hosed off the old potting mix around their roots and repotted them in fresh mix for winter, pruned and shaped the tops and transported them out to chosen spots in the garden, only to bring them back into the nursery when the heat of summer hits.

I decided this year it was too much work. While I advocate plain terracotta pots, they are heavy and I always need to find someone to give me a hand hauling the bigger ones around the garden. And I think I had about twenty of them, which seemed excessive. What to do? I hadn’t spent up to ten years nurturing these treasures just to stick them in the garden where they were not likely to remain much a feature. Therein lies the problem. It is not easy to feature a single camellia plant in a garden. Big mature plants in the right place can be thinned out, shaped and titivated. But little character plants can get a bit lost. They tend to meld.

There is an open verdict here as to whether my experimental solution will work and we won’t really know for a few years. We had a simple border which looked great for two weeks of the year. Backed by a buxus hedge, I had planted yellow and red roses, underplanted with mainly yellow and blue perennials. Bright summer colour, I thought. Fortunately, the two weeks of the year when it looked really good with a carpet of red soldier poppies and blue cornflowers were the two weeks around Rhododendron Festival but it was all downhill from there and for most of the other fifty weeks of the year it looked pretty scruffy.

At the time Mark was coming up with his theory that what appeals to people about new gardens is the crisp shape of plants. When freshly planted, each specimen stands on its own whereas when the garden matures, it loses that fresh definition and the plants grow into each other and start to form more of a wall of foliage. I wondered if we could combine my little camellia collection and the permanent freshness of the newly planted garden.

We gutted the border of all roses and perennials and made sure the surface was level. Then, having repotted my camellias for what I hope is the last time, we sank the terracotta pots into the garden with just the rims sitting above the surface. Where plants were rather pot bound, we cut the bottom off the pot so the roots have somewhere to go. So each plant is individually contained and individually displayed. For ground cover, I have used that creeping orange berry plant, on whose name I have a mental block which is not surprising because I have just found out that it is apparently rubus pentalobus. It is a rampant ground cover in sunny conditions even though I have only ever met one person who has seen it fruiting in Taranaki. (It is meant to have delicious orange berries but i think it prefers it hotter and drier.) I am hoping the groundcover will form a simple carpet through which seasonal bulbs can add spots of colour.

So far so good. The plants are indeed featured individually and collectively they create a look of formal structure. They are easily groomed and they should not need watering in summer because the terracotta will absorb moisture from the soil. I will see how they endure through the next few years. If we don’t like it, at least it will be easy to disassemble.

If you looking for varieties suitable to shape into character plants, look at the miniatures and slow growers such as Baby Bear, Itty Bit and Baby Willow which tend to be natural bonsais. The small leafed species are fun to work with (minutiflora, microphylla and a number of the other obscure types). Otherwise, varieties with slightly unpredictable growth habits and wayward branches can lend themselves to turning into feature plants. Bonsai artists often prefer misshapen plants to start with. If you want to create a standard or lollipop, make sure the plant you start with has a good straight central leader.

Camellia petal blight has decimated the flowering impact of the plants in this country. While that is very discouraging, their use and beauty as individual, shaped feature plants or as hedging should not be ignored. They are all evergreen plants and most have a fairly robust constitution which means they will tolerate some pretty harsh treatment. If you hate the big, slushy, spent blooms, keep to the small flowered varieties and the single flowers. There is still a good place for camellias in gardening.

July 27, 2007 Weekly Garden Guide

  • Spring must be close. We have the first flower on Magnolia Vulcan open and the early miniature daffodils are opening. The English snowdrops are in full flower. Start to panic. Spring will rush upon us and the time for digging and dividing clumping plants will run out.
  • Divide clivias now. The leaves on the divisions do not need to be cut back before replanting. Clivias are best in shade and need to be away from frosts.
  • Winter is a time for pruning (roses, hydrangeas, all deciduous plants except cherry trees and most evergreen trees and shrubs).
  • If you are growing hellebores, do not let all the seedlings around them grow. They are promiscuous seeders and germinating like mad now. If you let all the seedlings grow, the patch can get crowded out. The seed will not normally be true to the parent unless you have controlled the pollination last year.
  • Grapes need to be pruned before the sap starts running in mid August. If you want any sort of crop, prune your vines and now is the optimum time.
  • Pick kiwifruit and put them in a cool dark place or fridge to extend the season. I enquired from a horticultural scientist friend last year whether it was possible to get a plant of the yellow fleshed kiwifruit and he merely shuddered at the thought (it is tightly protected for commercial reasons) and told me to raise seed.
  • Earth up potatoes (mounding the soil around the plants) and you can also earth up around broad beans, brassicas and most green vegetables. It reduces weeds and stabilises the plant, giving more protection to their surface roots. Unlike most ornamental plants, these vegetables do not rot off at the stem if you raise the soil level.
  • A precise correspondent tells me that English domestic goddess Nigella Lawson was not named for the flower nigella damascens as I suggested last week. No, her father was a Conservative MP named Nigel and apparently she has two sisters called Horatia and Thomasina (maybe the parents had hoped for sons). I preferred the flower association theory.

Hydrangeas

Author: Glyn Church

Publisher: David Bateman

The author of this book is both friend and colleague of ours (he lives in Oakura), and reading it is like listening to Glyn talk with his gentle Somerset accent. His writing style is personal and easy to read and even if you start off being a little lukewarm about hydrangeas, (some of us view them rather as utility plants) his complete enthusiasm for his topic will win you over and have you looking afresh at the charm and possibilities of the plant genus. The text is backed up by many photos which are enticing and a source of ideas for gardeners everywhere.

I did not know about remontant hydrangeas (repeat flowering through the season) – useful in climates where buds can get frosted off or where people do not know how to prune their plants to ensure flowers. Remontant varieties can put up new flowering spikes throughout the growing season rather than just flowering on last year’s wood.

This book is a complete rewrite of the author’s 1999 book on hydrangeas, not just an updated edition. It covers the history and origins, propagating, planting and general care, uses in the garden and wider landscape along with detailed descriptions of individual varieties including the rare species. There is a lot more to hydrangeas than the blue moptops we see flowering along our Taranaki roadsides. Even if you don’t grow them yourself, it is a pleasing book to have on your gardening bookshelf.