Outdoor Classroom: Moving large plants, a step-by-step guide

???????????????????????????????1) This tree aloe (Aloe thraskii) is in the wrong place and has been for at least fifteen years. Large plants can be moved, but this involves taking a large enough root ball to support the top. It is best carried out between late autumn and early spring so that the plant has a chance to settle in and put out new roots before summer.

??????????????????????2) A large trench needs to be dug out, wide enough for you to stand in. This trench is around 60cm deep. Dig it with straight sides to start with. It allows you to look at the plant’s roots and to get access right underneath the plant. Keep it well out from the plant because you can make the root ball smaller but you can’t make it larger again.
???????????????????????????????3) Standing inside the trench, start digging to excavate right underneath the plant. We wanted to keep the root ball relatively whole to act as an anchor because this plant is very top heavy. Gradually reduce the size of the clump, removing excess dirt, keeping a close eye on the root system. If it has a huge root system, you don’t want to be cutting into it too much. If it has a smaller root system, you can reduce it to a size that is more easily managed. We were surprised at how small the root system was on this plant and they were mainly on the surface.
???????????????????????????????4) Get some heavy plastic, sacking or old weedmat underneath the plant. Do this by rocking the plant to one side and getting the wrapping right underneath it. This usually requires more than one person. Do not let the roots dry out at any stage. With very big plants, the plant can be raised out of the hole by tilting it to one side and backfilling that side. Then rock the plant back and put dirt in on the other side. Repeat the process until you have raised the plant to the level where you can lever it out of the hole more easily. We moved this plant on the front bucket of our baby tractor. You may need to do it by trailer.
???????????????????????????????5) In this process, we had an accident and the heavy top was knocked out so we were forced to cut the the poor aloe back but there is no reason why it should not recover. Get the planting level as close as possible to where was. Measure the depth of the root ball and the depth of the hole before planting by placing a board across the hole and measuring from that. Put the stake or stakes in before the plant so that you do not cause more damage to the roots by driving the stakes through them later. We have gone for one very strong stake and a flexible tie.
???????????????????????????????6) Two years later and the plant is recovering well although the foliage has yet to reach its former spread. It should now be safe to remove the stake.

Camellia Diary 5, August 29, 2010

Click to see all Camellia diary entries

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Dainty little camellia species minutiflora

Dainty little camellia species minutiflora

The reticulatas, in this case Glowing Embers, are good value in the garden, despite the ravages of petal blight

The reticulatas, in this case Glowing Embers, are good value in the garden, despite the ravages of petal blight

In years gone by (that is, in days pre-dating rampant camellia petal blight), now would be the time when we would be enjoying mass flowering in the japonica camellias. That has gone. But the reticulata camellias have come into their own. Because most are red, petal blight does not show up as badly and with such huge blooms, the spoiled flowers fall cleanly to the ground. And they still mass flower for us, even if we measure their flowering season in weeks, not months. Reticulatas have become hard to source these days. Few grow on their own roots so they have to be grafted and in this day and age, that is a skill which has all but died out. Most buyers can’t tell the difference between a grafted plant and one which can be mass produced with little skill and great ease so they don’t understand why the former plant should be so much more expensive than the latter. It is a good argument for home gardeners learning the more advanced skills needed to produce these plants at home for themselves. Most of the retics in our garden were grafted by Mark’s father Felix, back in the 1950s and 60s – now they are small trees.

Spring Festival - pretty as a picture

Spring Festival - pretty as a picture

The other group of plants which continue to last the distance in the garden are the miniature flowered varieties, both hybrids and species. Any miniature flowered variety worth its salt should have masses of buds and flowers so it doesn’t matter if petal blight attacks after two or three days because there are so many fresh buds opening and individual blooms rarely last longer than a couple of days. Spring Festival is an American hybrid registered 35 years ago but I wish it had been one of ours because it is as pretty as a picture – a particularly pretty shade of pink with an attractive flower form, plenty of flowers, good pillar growth and a pleasing glaucous cast to the leaf colour. Camellias are a bit like roses – far too many are named and registered and don’t stand the test of time but a few last the distance.
It is also clear that in terms of garden appearance, red camellias are a better bet than pale ones when it comes to petal blight. The reds do not look anywhere near as unsightly in the early stages when the blooms are showing speckles of brown.
Camellia minutiflora is just starting to open. It is a gem of a species with very dark foliage and dainty flowers. We have put a hold on most of the plants in the nursery as we ponder its suitability for formal hedging.

Latest posts, Friday August 27, 2010:

1) The pristine purity of a pure white flower, and sweetly scented too: Rhododendron veitchianum.
2) Britain’s very own Expert on Everything and traditional country crafts of England – Abbie’s column.
3) Is it fair to describe bonsai as the bondage and discipline sector of the plant world? A bonsai demonstration (not by us) and other tasks in the garden this week.
4) Our annual garden festival draws closer by the week – counting down around the province.
5) The hardiest vireya we know – the saxafragoides hybrids of Jiminy Cricket, Saxon Glow and Saxon Blush – tried and true plants.
6) Sometimes optimistically referred to as the money plant, or the jade plant, Crassula ovata a tried and true option here.

Plant Collector: Rhododendron veitchianum

Rhododendron veitchianum - frilly, fragrant and white

Rhododendron veitchianum - frilly, fragrant and white

There is something about the pristine purity of a white flower, a snow white flower with just a hint of green in the bud stage and the merest reference of yellow in the throat. Add to that the fact the flowers are relatively large, frilly, sweetly scented and there are masses of them. The plant itself is compact and stays bushy around the 150cm mark, with most attractive, oval leaves. Being a species, there will be considerable variation in the wild but the form we have, which is probably the most common form in this country, is a particularly good selection from Strybing Arboretum in San Francisco.

Veitchianum occurs naturally around Thailand, Burma and Laos which is an indicator of another characteristic – it is not particularly hardy. In fact in the nursery, it is one of the only rhododendrons that we used to worry about getting burned by frost. It never gets frosted in the garden here (young nursery plants are more tender) but it is not going to love you if you live in an area prone to heavy frosts. On the bright side, it is part of the maddenii group and this means that it is much more resistant to thrips – the nasty leaf sucking insects that turn rhododendrons silver. So it is what we refer to as a higher health rhododendron suitable for growing in warmer areas of the country. The name honours the Veitch family of nurserymen who employed no fewer than 22 different plant collectors over a period of 65 years (late Victorian times onwards) and who were responsible for introducing a vast array of new plant material to avid English gardeners. I am not sure how they would have got on with R. veitchianum but maybe they grew it in glasshouses.

Learning from the Old Country – the appeal of traditional English crafts

Reality didn't quite match the romantic mental image - charcoal making at Hestercomb

Reality didn't quite match the romantic mental image - charcoal making at Hestercomb

Prime Television appears more willing to deliver gardening programmes to us than TV1. Clearly the head of programming on the state owned channels is no gardener – maybe we just don’t fit the target demographic? It seems a long time since we have had any garden programme, good or otherwise, on state-owned television but Prime are currently running a doco series on the famed Sissinghurst Garden on Friday evenings.

For those of you not in the know, Sissinghurst Castle Garden in Kent is one of England’s most famed. Created in the first half of the twentieth century by a flamboyant and eccentric couple, Harold Nicholson and Vita Sackville-West, it was cutting edge in that very pretty, flowery style the English do so well, confined within tight, formal design. It certainly helps to have huge walls and castle remnants including a splendid tower. Alas it fell prey to England’s savage inheritance taxes so the Nicholson and Sackville-West progeny could not afford to keep it in private ownership in the 1960s and it was given to the National Trust with the proviso that the family be allowed to occupy the house for up to three generations. The current occupant is the grandson, Adam Nicholson and his wife Sarah. It does appear that Adam sees himself as the guardian of their dream though it is the National Trust which provides the money and the labour force to maintain the dream. The rather drawn-out series is worth dipping in to even if you don’t find it sufficiently compelling to last the full hour each week.

You need Sky and the Living Channel to tap into some of the other back to nature lifestyle programmes coming out of Britain these days. I think it was a Grand Designs episode (also screened on TV3) that finally spurred Mark in to some serious attempts to get to grips with sustainable woodlots. We watched one man hand building his house primarily from green chestnut, harvested from his sustainably managed woodland. In New Zealand we are so used to the notion of kiln drying or air drying timber to season it, that there is little knowledge about which timbers can be used freshly cut and still wet. That is what the term green oak and green chestnut refer to, though to use fresh-cut timbers you must also understand the way each different wood will react as it dries out. We are not talking pinus radiata here.

I don’t think Mark is intending to go into building, but he is certainly interested in sustainable woodlots at a lifestyle block level. We get through a lot of wood here (most of it burned for heating) and while we are currently self sufficient in firewood, we can take that principle further.

Then there is the series on Saturday evenings on the Living Channel where selected candidates learn traditional English crafts. It is hosted by Britain’s very own Expert on Many Things, Monty Don. The first programme was fine – it had the participants learning traditional methods of making furniture using green woods (naturally from a sustainably managed woodlot). The chairs they made were delightful and I would be more than happy for Mark to get back into working with wood. He used to do a lot of it in the days before we had expensive children to maintain and he had more leisure. In fact he became an accomplished wood turner and we still have his lathe in the back shed though it has lathered there in pieces for thirty years under the delusion that he will get back to it. He bought it when we lived in Dunedin and it was entirely rebuilt for him at no cost other than a couple of turned lamp stands by someone who knew someone who worked in the Hillside Railway Workshops. Back then they called such freebie jobs “foreigners”. We still recall those railway workshops most kindly though Richard Prebble’s analysis of how New Zealand Railways operated was probably closer to the mark than many people knew.

The third programme in the series was safe enough – blacksmithery or forging. Mark watched with deep fascination and commented that they made it look really straightforward but I don’t think he is going to get diverted into ironwork. Nor to weaving or leadlighting which have also been explored.

From this (1950's concrete roof tiles)....

From this (1950's concrete roof tiles)....

No, it was the second programme that is causing me some angst – thatching for beginners. Everybody knows that traditional English thatched cottages are unbelievably cute, genuine chocolate box cute. It is just so much more aesthetically pleasing and indeed environmentally sustainable than our long-run roofing iron. And the life expectancy of each layer of thatch is about the same as roofing iron – forty years or so – though finding a skilled thatching team to repair your roof is harder than finding a team of modern roofers. It should be said that apparently you don’t replace your thatch, generally you just add another layer to waterproof the roof. The principle is that the thatch is packed so tightly that it directs the water downwards and sheds it quickly.

... to this, maybe (thatched cottages at Hidcote)

... to this, maybe (thatched cottages at Hidcote)

You don’t want a house fire. I have seen a burned out shell. Once the thatched roof catches, it is impossible to quench. Beneath the more recent layers, there may be dried straw or reeds which are 500 years old. Personally I am a bit worried about spiders and mice too. And maybe other livestock. I feel that the dry and warm under-layers of thatch may be altogether too appealing for them and they might set up home en masse.

So I began to get a little worried by the level of interest Mark shows in thatching, more than a little worried when he commented that he felt our house would look a great deal more appealing with a thatched roof. He has even tried making one of the packed bundles which are the foundation of thatching. With a gleam in his eye, he announced that he could now see a use for his buckwheat straw. It was with some relief that I saw the straw recycled as mulch for the strawberries and he observed that maybe he would be better to start with a smaller project than the house, perhaps a thatched dovecote.

We have yet to get an episode on making charcoal but I am sure it will come. The British are big on charcoal and, in the near absence of the gas-fired barbecue, charcoal is still popular (though these days it is more likely to be cheap charcoal imported from defoliating third world countries). We realised that charcoal-making is undergoing a renaissance when we visited Hestercomb near Taunton last year. The garden map showed a site for the making of charcoal. We were inspired. We even bought a book on the topic – this could be the novel activity to attract additional visitors to the garden. Or so we thought, until we came to Hestercomb’s charcoal campsite. The only aesthetically acceptable aspect was the repro charcoal maker’s hut which may have been cold and drafty and minus a resident charcoal maker but it was at least quaint. No, we figured we would leave the making of charcoal to the Taranaki Regional Council. It seems a suitable activity for the folksy rebranding of their garden at Kaponga. I wonder if I should offer to loan them our book on the topic?