• Enthusiastic gardeners will be chitting their potatoes so they are ready to hit the ground running when planting time arrives. Chitting taties involves standing them on their ends in a single layer in a warmish place (sometimes the old fashioned airing cupboard). This encourages the shoots to start growing.
• Seeds of Florence fennel can be sown directly into the garden at this time. Thin the seedlings after they have germinated to about 12cm apart. As an all round versatile vegetable that is still not well known in this country, Florence fennel ranks deservedly high. It appears to be pretty well untroubled by pests and diseases, is equally delicious roasted like a parsnip, shredded and stirfried or eaten raw in a grated or finely sliced form. It has a good texture and a pleasant flavour which is not so strong as to be dominant. It has nowhere near the overwhelming aniseed flavour of wild fennel plants on the roadside.
• Most of the flowering annuals we grow in our gardens (the pansies, cornflowers, nemesias and the like) are hardy so you can start them from seed in the depths of winter. You won’t gain anything putting them into the garden this early because they won’t want to do much growing until the temperatures start to rise, but you will save yourself a substantial amount of money if you start your own plants from seed now, rather than buying potted colour or even punnets later in the season. Seed trays need to be kept out of reach of slugs which remain active all winter. Try the barbecue table.
• On the pruning treadmill, you can safely continue cutting back roses and most deciduous plants. You can get away without ever pruning deciduous fruit trees such as apples and plums but a little care keeps the tree to a manageable size and shape and can improve the health of the tree. Take out dead, damaged and wayward branches. Cut out branches that cross others. Remove any old fruit still hanging on the tree to reduce pests and diseases. Shorten very long branches to three or four leaf buds, or spurs as they are called on an apple tree. The aim is to have good light and good air movement. If you want to keep apple trees small, buy them on dwarfing rootstock and keep pruning them twice a year (mid winter and again in summer). They are excellent espaliered and don’t even need a wall if you train them along metal pipes. After about 25 years, we removed the somewhat unsightly metal pipes and our espaliered apples are free standing, narrow plants where the fruit is at just the right level to pick as we pass by.
• Get a copper and oil spray onto deciduous fruit trees. It cleans up mildew, scale, brown rot and all manner of generalised nasties.
• On bleak and miserable days, wander around the house looking out the windows and plan for what you can be doing to lift boring areas of the garden. Good gardeners probably spend as much time thinking and planning as actually doing it and it is a good way to while away dreary days.
• The Curious Gardener’s Almanac tells us that it is something of an urban myth that a worm will be perfectly happy if you cut it in half. Apparently while it may continue to wriggle for a while, it will die not long afterwards. Only if you nip just a little of its tail end does it have the capacity to repair itself. It all makes better sense if you think about the biology of a worm’s anatomy.
Letter from England
Greetings from a Cornwall fishing village where we are currently in residence in an oh-so-cutsie-pie antique fisherman’s cottage, suitably renovated to bring it up to the level of comfort expected in 2009. The thatched roof has been replaced with slate tiles and actually I think thatching may be a great deal better in photographs than in reality. Not only does thatching have a limited lifespan and require a trained thatcher to replace (probably elderly, meticulous, speaking in a thick regional dialect but charging for the new millenium), it provides a cosy habitat for all manner of insect, rodent and bird life. Mark has even spotted a duck nesting on a thatched roof.
But I digress. We made this trip specifically to look and learn from English summer gardens and we placed a strong emphasis on private gardens of high quality, rather than the better known historic gardens. You will have to wait for another fortnight to get a more detailed analysis of what we have seen but suffice to say that we are abandoning that earlier plan and returning instead to an itinerary heavier on the known historic and estate gardens. We have been a little underwhelmed by the calibre of many of the private gardens that had been recommended to us. That is fine – it allows us to establish benchmarks and comparators – but now we want to see the best of English garden tradition and it appears we will find that in the trust and public gardens.
We have been particularly impressed by the country lanes where, thank goodness, glyphosate is clearly never used and hedgerows are valued. Of course many of our weeds in New Zealand are native to England (think of the Flower Fairy books) so completely at home in the natural environment here. And the lanes are natural wildflower environments. This is not territory for large cars or urban tractors and oft times, even very small cars such as we are driving have to reverse up to allow an equally small car travelling in the opposite direction to gain passage. Once away from the motorways and main arterial routes, the English summer countryside is simply charming. It makes our farming practices at home look very industrial and the green desert we inhabit is not environmentally rich in any way at all. We only get away with a clean green image because of a very small population and areas of considerable natural beauty, not because of any great sensitivity to environmental matters. Mark has long been railing against the District Council and Transit practices of spraying out wide areas of natural growth with weedkiller. It looks really bad and it is really bad practice.

Road verges along a Cornwall lane
So we are delighting in the hedgerows which team with insect and bird life and Mark is fast becoming very competent at identifying native birds and butterflies. And we also admire a society which has rediscovered the importance of allowing some of the natural environment to regenerate and where not everything in the countryside is sacrificed to the speedy passage of the internal combustion engine.
The current vegetable garden craze is by no means limited to New Zealand but in a society where dense population means that most people live cheek by jowl with minimal space, the allotment has taken on new importance and status. Allotments are areas of public land which are allocated on request. It appears that the right to allotment space is enshrined somewhere in law here, although the wait time in high demand areas can be up to 40 years. The line up of allotments down the road from our London hosts near High Barnet used to look very tatty and unloved when I first looked at them 18 years ago. Not so today. Now they are high producing areas much loved and tended by their leasees, in this case mostly Italian. It is a sign of the times, alas, that they are also surrounded by high security fencing. We spent a pleasant half hour chatting to Bruno, who was indeed Italian and in memory of his homeland, he had a fairly large number of fig trees, 18 as I recall. He also had every other fruit bush and tree (on dwarfing stock) that he could grow there, along with extensive crops of vegetables. I think he had managed to get down on a double allotment. It was from Bruno that we learned about the difficulty of gardening in competition with the squirrels. He had come down one morning to pick his pear crop, only to be disappointed. From being laden the previous day, there was not a single fruit left. He ferreted around the base of the tree and found a neat stack of pears, each one with tooth marks and damage, stored by the squirrel against winter famine.

Bruno in his London allotment
Here in Cornwall, we tracked down the allotments in nearby Gerrans where we chatted to a young German woman who now lives locally and tends her allotment. She told me that Germany also has an allotment system but, being German, they were subject to tight controls prescribing what proportion of land must be devoted to food production, rather than ornamentals, and the standard to which your allotment must be maintained. She much preferred the more relaxed English model. She was watering in her leeks as we chatted. This being the UK, the allotments in Gerrans had what was probably a million pound view – literally. It is part of the wonderful contradiction that is England – an overheated property market with extremes of wealth and historic country cottages that are under-used holiday homes way out of the financial reach of local residents. The local council responds by allocating allotment land and building subsidised affordable housing, as it is called here, on a prime spot of coastal land with an astounding view out to sea. In rural Cornwall, none of these allotments were fenced but clearly a code of courtesy prevails. While being extremely impressed by a crop of peas which eclipsed anything we have ever managed to grow at home, we were sufficiently well mannered to resist the temptation to pick one to eat.

the impressive pea crop in a Cornish allotment at Gerrans
Allotments are different to community gardens. The former are individually rented (about $50 per annum in Gerrans, $100 in London) whereas the latter are managed collectively, also on public land. Keen gardeners tend to like individual allotments, community minded people and do-gooders lean to the latter option. In our very own Waitara, as I recall, the residents in Battiscomb Terrace wanted allotment rights whereas Mayor Pete preferred the more PC community garden approach. But part of the identity of allotments (or indeed community gardens) is that aesthetics do not enter the equation at all. While there may be increasing pressure to keep a tidy, productive allotment and to go organic, it is fine to cobble together a scruffy old shed, plastic water butt, rough paths and piles of accoutrements which may at some point possibly be useful, or not, as the case may be. Frankly it would not appeal at all to the conformist types who wanted Battiscomb Terrace residents to have tidy and preferably matched front fences.

Allotments are not usually aesthetically pleasing.
Apparently being allocated an allotment is now a triumph worth boasting at dinner parties in Mayfair and even Ma’am is supervising the installation of an organic allotment plot at Buckingham Palace. Admittedly it is facing the wrong way for the sun, part shaded by a mulberry tree, hard up against a hedge and in less than ideal conditions, but it is the thought that counts and garden space is at a premium at The Palace.
Flowering this week – tree hydrangea of uncertain classification

Evergreen and frost tender but apparently loosely lumped in as Hydrangea aspera
This plant is a bit of a mystery but it is a hydrangea even though it is evergreen and of tree-like stature. Mark can not remember where he bought it from years ago, but it appears likely that it came from seed collected by a number of different New Zealand plantspeople at Monkey Bridge in China. At this stage it is loosely lumped into the family of hydrangea aspera even though most asperas are both deciduous and hardy. This is neither.
But it is very striking. It is now multi trunked, about 5 metres tall and 3 metres wide with large leaves and considerably larger lace cap flowers at this time of the year. Each flower can be 40cm across, sometimes more, and in a mix of soft antique colours – lilac, muted green and cream. It is most unusual. Alas it is also more difficult to strike from cutting than most hydrangeas so it is not readily available and you will have to search for it if you really want it. It is just as well that there are not many gardens in Taranaki that have space for a large, brittle, frost tender hydrangea which needs protection from both wind and cold but quickly attains the size of a tree.
In the Garden June 19, 2009
• If you are in a relatively frost free area, you may be enjoying the cheerful flowers and fragrance of luculias. The winter flowering varieties are gratissima and pinceana whereas it is grandiflora which flowers in summer. These plants can get a bit scruffy and leggy and the time to cut them back hard is straight after flowering. Most forms will root easily from cuttings as long as you use the fresh new growth as soon as it has firmed up and is not floppy or brittle. Luculias only come in pink or white.
• Deciduous plants are given their most severe prune when dormant in winter. This is because their energy has been stored in their root systems over winter so it is less of a shock to them if you cut the top back hard. So June and July are the time to get out pruning – fruit trees (but not cherries or plums which are summer pruned), grape vines, raspberries, kiwi fruit, roses, wisterias, deciduous trees and shrubs (but not flowering cherries, either). Head out with the ladder and the loppers, the secateurs and the snips.
• We don’t use pruning paste to seal cuts, even after major tree surgery, but we do try and make sure that cuts are clean and not hacked and jagged. In plants as in humans, clean cuts heal faster. You can buy pruning paste and use it if it makes you happier.
• Regrettably one size does not fit all when it comes to pruning and it helps to have a little bit of knowledge at least. We can’t compress all of it down to two simple rules or one sentence but we will try and demystify it as we go.
• Pruning ornamental trees is for shaping purposes. Keep most trees to a single trunk, avoiding forks for the first few metres. These are weak points where the tree can split apart. A balanced shape is more pleasing to look at than a lop-sided tree which can end up pulling the tree over. It is much easier to trim a small tree around two metres tall than to work on a misshapen tree of five, ten or fifteen metres tall so start young when you can do it with the secateurs and not the chainsaw.
• Rose pruning can continue through until August.
• Wisterias need regular, if not constant pruning. However, as they flower on last year’s growth, you can not cut them off at ground level and expect them to flower in spring. Find the main branches to give some structure and shape, and trim all side growths back to three or four leaf buds from the main branches. Borer can be a problem so check for tell tale holes and dead branches and cut these out. You can spray cooking oil or use any light oil down the borer hole if it is in the main stem and you don’t want to cut it out. There is nothing shy and delicate about a wisteria but you do want it to flower.
• The rule of thumb for pruning grapevines and kiwifruit is the same as wisterias though grapes you are pruning the side growths back to one or two buds whereas kiwifruit you count out to about the eighth bud before cutting off the rest of the vine. Apples are done the same as wisterias.
• From the school of random pieces of curious information: Chinese wisterias flower on bare wood and naturally twine anti-clockwise. Japanese wisterias flower a little later with their leaves, have longer racemes of flowers to compensate and twine clockwise.
Turning your $17.95 perennial into five plants
A step by step guide by Abbie and Mark Jury first published in the Taranaki Daily News and reproduced here with permission as a PDF.
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