Tag Archives: Abbie Jury

Plant collector: Schizophragma hydrangeoides pink and white

schizo-1Yes, Schizophragma hydrangeoides  looks like a climbing hydrangea but it is not the common climber which is Hydrangea petiolaris. This one comes from Japan and we prefer it to the usual form despite its difficult name. It is a close relative and a member of the same family but one step further back on the plant hierarchy from species to genus to family. Planted side by side, the schizophragma (pronounced skitsofragma or shyzofragma, whichever you prefer) is more floriferous and has significantly larger flower heads which seem to dance on the vine. This may be because its larger, winged petals (technically bracts, not petals) are held singly whereas H. petiolaris has its smaller bracts grouped in four, like a little flower all on its own.  The schizophrama is self-clinging and relatively slow growing so it doesn’t take over and swamp neighbouring plants. It needs something to climb up, however. If left to ramble at ground level, it doesn’t seem to flower though it does layer its way along so you can get more plants from it by this strategy.

img_6642The pink form is even more unusual. This fact was often not appreciated in the days when we used to sell plants. I recall too many customers who were at best ABP – Anything But Pink, at worst IOBW – I Only Buy White (flowers). Such self-imposed rules can certainly limit appreciation.

Schizophragma are hardy and deciduous so, to all intents and purposes, they fill an identical niche to H. petiolaris. However, petiolaris seems to perform better overseas where it is more floriferous and even gives autumn colour. Talking to our friend and colleague, hydrangea expert Glyn Church, we agreed that it is likely that petiolaris prefers a colder winter than we have, whereas the schizophragmas are perfectly happy in our conditions. As with lacecap hydrangeas, the winged ‘petals’ or bracts are the showy part whereas the proper flowers are the small, less spectacular bits behind the bracts.

For the purpose of comparison - Hydrangea petiolaris

For the purpose of comparison – Hydrangea petiolaris

We’d rather drink the gin than spray it on weeds, thanks.

Not an expensive brand and bought duty-free but we would still rather drink it than spray it on weeds

Not an expensive brand and bought duty-free but we would still rather drink it than spray it on weeds

Christmas dinner conversation covered many topics but I wanted to test something I had read on the biochemist and the synthetic organic chemist at the table. The location was Canberra where we ate outdoors on a balmy evening and the temperature was still hovering in the late 20s Celsius as the night drew in.

Before leaving home, I had read the following passage in a new publication:

“You’re not trying to get your weeds drunk but the alcohol in cheap gin stops them in their tracks. Grab a bottle of spirits, mix with the juice of 2 lemons and spray on weeds.”

Discretion is the better part of valour so I won’t name the source of this advice but, as a gin drinker, it raised many questions. Where can I buy this cheap gin that is referenced? I wondered if it meant the diluted, flavoured gins that I see for about $15 at the bottle store but the Australian contingent tells me these are a New Zealand product and this advice seems more international, so maybe not. Why gin? Is it the juniper berries that are the magic ingredient or will any strong alcohol work as well? Is it really meant to be applied undiluted because around $30 to $35 for a litre of weed spray is extraordinarily expensive? What does the lemon juice do?

img_3601The biochemist and the synthetic organic chemist were more amused than anything else. They could not see any reason why gin should be more efficacious than any other form of alcohol. But none of us really wanted to sacrifice the Christmas gin to carry out field trials. Mark recalled the routine use of kerosene for weed control on carrots in his father’s day. When we arrived home, he found me the reference in the McPherson book, “Vegetable Growing in New Zealand”. It is so old, it doesn’t even have a date on it but the publisher was Whitcombe and Tombs Limited and it is a few decades or more since I have seen that name.

In case you want to know more about kerosene as a weed spray, it is advised to use it at full strength (!) through a high pressure nozzle at a rate of 40-50 gallons of spray per acre. Now you know.

Back to the matter of the gin. Given the lack of field trials, I turned to the internet. There were plenty of sites advising the use of gin as a “natural” weedkiller though none I found particularly credible. I admit there are limits to my interest in this topic so I cannot claim to have done exhaustive research. But I did ascertain the following:

  • It does not have to be gin. It is the alcohol that works – isopropyl alcohol (also referred to as rubbing alcohol) is likely to be the cheapest source of the active raw ingredient.
  • The addition of lemon juice is for the desiccating (drying) effect.
  • It is usual to dilute it quite heavily with water.
  • Liquid detergent is often added as a surfactant (spreader and sticker).
  • Vinegar (acetic acid) is the most popular base ingredient and appears to act in a similar manner to alcohol.
  • The increasingly widespread advice to use salt is a problem in that it will contaminate your soils.

One of the better sites I came across was The Garden Counselor. I particularly liked the comment: “I am not opposed to using vinegar as a weed killer, only the cavalier promotion of the idea.” Substitute the word “gin” for “vinegar” in that quote and it pretty much sums up what I think.

If you want to be purist and shun liquid detergents – also referred to as ‘dish soap’ in American parlance – in your homemade spray, you may like to check the ingredients of your pure soap substitute. I was shocked, I tell you, genuinely shocked when I checked the ingredients of many soaps recently. Even expensive, luxury soaps usually contain sodium palmate as the main ingredient. That is palm oil. Think of the orangutans and the issues regarding palm oil production. I am not sure about the justification of “from sustainable plantations” either. It seems to me that this just means the land has already been clear felled for monoculture. It is so hard being an ethical consumer these days.

As far as we are concerned, the bottom line is that if you want to avoid manufactured chemical weed sprays, hand weeding or boiling water are the best alternative eco-options. Also, there is still a desperate need for sound, well-researched and tested advice on organic gardening.

We drank the gin with lime and soda instead.

Setting the table for a summer Christmas in Canberra

Setting the table for a summer Christmas in Canberra

When joy is not too strong word

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This morning my heart sang at the simple beauty down by our stream. The park is full of flowering trees and shrubs but never have I seen it look it as pretty as it did on this quiet Sunday morning.

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Looking towards the stone bridge – Higo iris, primulas and white foxglove.

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Weeds? Not to us any more. We prefer to talk about a meadow.

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Looking back from the high bridge with mown paths through the long grass.

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The Higo irises are the mainstay of the flowering this month.

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Finally, the Wollemi pine was an amazingly generous gift from friends whose own circumstances had changed, meaning they could not guarantee its future. It has a special place in the park in a location where we hope it can grow to maturity and become one of the feature trees into future generations.

The act of gardening in itself is not often a joy – though it can be a pleasant activity and many of us enjoy the doing as well as the looking. Sometimes, when it all comes together, the experience of just walking through and seeing the meeting of human effort with nature is truly a joy and a delight.

The flowering bulbs of mid December

img_3262“Good thing we are not drying out too much,” Mark observed wryly as we faced another day of rain. This is a variant on his usual “Good news! The drought has broken”.  While technically summer, our very wet spring continues. I entertained myself by doing a bit of a stocktake of bulbs in flower in mid-December and assembling one of my flower boards.

Cardiocrinum giganteum

Cardiocrinum giganteum

December is not notable for peak bulb season. Not at all. Though if you add in corms and tubers, the census would include such things as irises and dahlias, some of which are in flower now. In the big growers, the Cardiocrinum giganteum plants are very handsome indeed and have finally naturalised themselves, gently seeding down. We respect their wishes and generally accommodate them where they grow. It is, after all, reputed to be a seven year wait to get the flowering spike and they are pretty undemanding during that time. The flower spikes are three or four metres tall with large, fragrant trumpets so it is worth the wait.

Arisaema dahaiense

Arisaema dahaiense

Arisaema candidissimum

Arisaema candidissimum

I write about the Arisaema dahaiense every year which is an indication that it has settled in well here and it keeps reappearing. The same cannot be said for all arisaema species. It is a very curious bloom indeed. Also opening its first blooms this week is the prettier A. candidissum – the summer white, often with soft pink striping.

Dactylorhiza maculata

Dactylorhiza maculata

Less well known in this country (though common enough in its homelands of northern Europe and the UK) is the ground orchid Dactylorhiza maculata, which is very charming, undemanding and flowers well until the heat of summer knocks it back.

Lilium martagon

Lilium martagon

It hasn’t been so easy to get Lilium martagon established. I think it wants a colder, drier winter and probably a drier summer than we can offer it so it has been satisfying to get it growing well in one area of the garden. January will bring us the OTT auratum lilies in abundance, but at the moment it is the pretty charm of the martagons that brings us pleasure.

And so to the smaller flowered bulbs.

img_3301From left to right, we have two albucas (more shortly), Habranthus probably andersonii,  Phaedranassa cinerea, Gesneria cardinalis, Stenomesson miniatum,  Cyanella capensis, Gladiolus papilio, Tritelia laxa may be ‘Queen Fabiola’, the trusty and undemanding rhodohypoxis and, just to confound, the first blooms on Cyclamen hederafolium – that harbinger of autumn.  Inevitably, I have since found additional bulbs in flower that I failed to add to this collection but they can remain absent from this roll call. I have written up most of those photographed over the years – hence the blue links. I gathered the cyanella seed some years ago and raised it in pots before replanting more extensively in the rockery where it is now a charming haze of blue over a long period, without threatening the wellbeing of other bulbs.

The tritelia – we used to think it was a brodiaea – is an American wildflower bulb, though named for the queen of Belgium, which is curious. We had assorted pots of it kicking around the nursery for years until I gathered them all up and tucked them in around the garden. This year, they are looking particularly pretty and are probably our dominant flowering bulb at this time.

Not A. canadensis as we and many other gardeners thought

Not A. canadensis as we and many other gardeners thought

About the albucas … help! We have always known the smaller yellow albuca as A. canadensis and it has long been Mark’s favoured example of the folly of allowing the first name bestowed upon a plant to remain in perpetuity, even when it is inaccurate and a mistake. Canadensis means it comes from Canada but it doesn’t. Albucas are another South African genus. Now it appears that it is not Albuca canadensis at all but is more likely to be A. flaccida instead. We are by no means alone in having had it under the wrong name, but we certainly perpetuated the error by selling it under that name in times gone by.

The bigger growing white with green stripes is more of a mystery. Indeed, I am sure we thought it was an ornithogalum for a while so maybe it is one of the varieties that has been transferred from that genus to the other. It could be that it is A. nelsonii but equally there are other albuca species that look similar. If anybody is able to assist us with unravelling its identification, that would be helpful. It may be a matter of knowing which albuca species we have in this country. In our conditions, it is evergreen and has a very large bulb with papery covering, generally flowering early to mid-summer.

Big picture gardening looks great in photographs and can please the eye. Bulbs more often give the small picture detail which delights the curious gardener and adds many more layers of interest.

A water meadow

img_6423December was memorable last year. Finally, we achieved the water meadow effect we have been striving for in our park.  This was thanks to the iris and to our learning how to manage long grass in ways other than cutting it.

higos-7There are anything up to 300 different species of iris but the one that comes to mind most frequently is the bearded iris. These are ephemeral delights in our climate with its high rainfall, high humidity and fertile soils, so a joy in bloom in October but over all too soon. The so-called Dutch iris flower earlier in spring. These are hybrids of 3 lesser known species, often somewhat derided, seen as a little vulgar even, but they can look charming enough in the right setting and are easy to grow.

Iris sibirica

Iris sibirica

November is the month of the sibirican iris which are happier in our wet conditions. The most common bright blue form is ‘Caesar’s Brother’ but there are other selections around which flower at slightly different times and extend the season well into December. The common name of Siberian iris suggests that they originate in Siberia – which they do, but they are not limited to that area in the wild, growing instead right across Northern Europe as far east as Central Asia. Unlike the bearded iris which prefer sandy, lighter soils where their rhizomes can bake in the sun, the sibiricans thrive in heavy soils and on the margins of wetland areas.

higos-1In early spring this year, I spent a few muddy days down by our stream, digging out the yellow flag iris. We had several large clumps of these and they flowered well every year. Alas, they are a recognised weed in this country and we felt we needed to take an ethical stand and remove them because they were planted by and in running water. Every piece of rhizome that breaks off or gets washed downstream has the higos-5potential to grow and we didn’t think that establishing mats of flag iris all the way to the ocean was a good reflection on us. In digging them out, I can tell you the dense mat they form is not unlike wild ginger. I replaced them with a mix of Higos and sibiricans which may spread by seed but don’t form the choking, solid mats.

higos-3Every time the Higos bloom, we think most kindly of Auckland plantsman, Terry Hatch. Years ago, he gave Mark a tray of germinating seedlings which were reputedly from wild gathered seed. Mark had tried growing Higos earlier but without success. They are not a species, but a group of Japanese iris bred extensively over 500 years in the quest for the single perfect bloom to bring indoors, in that wonderful higos-2pared-back style perfected in Japan. The requirements of a garden plant are very different and those highly refined hybrids did not perform. The seedlings from Terry – about 700 of them in the end – gave us a huge range in colour, size and style and they have settled in most satisfyingly by the stream. By this I mean they are performing very well year after year, with no attention at all but without any indication of becoming a weed. I tried some in a perennial border and they grew and flowered well, but their leaves are very long and tend to swamp other plants in the months before they go dormant.

Mark's Louisiana seedlings

Mark’s Louisiana seedlings

Our water iris are something of a United Nations when we add in the Louisianas. Indeed, these do originate from that American state though, like the Higos, they are not a pure species but a group. There are at least five different species of iris native to Louisiana and it is likely that what we are growing are hybrids. They have been settled in down by the stream for many years now but we only have a few different ones. Inspired by the success of the Higo seedlings we got from Terry Hatch, Mark has been experimenting with raising Louisianas from seed to extend the range of flower colour and size and the results have given us more to plant out in the ponds on the other side of our garden, in the area we call the North Garden.

higosWhat we love about the water iris is the contribution they make to a softer-edged, naturalistic style of gardening which we increasingly favour. A return to a more romantic garden style. It took my breath away last December. I am looking forward to a repeat this month.

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abbie005First published in the December issue of New Zealand Gardener and reprinted here with their permission.